An energy harvested ultra-low power wireless transceiver for biomedical implants
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Biomedical implants have been used to treat a variety of medical conditions as well as to monitor vital physiological information in the body. Advances in manufacturing technology for bio-materials and electronics have expanded the prospect of widespread use for these implants. Significant hurdles have to be overcome before these devices go mainstream. Power delivery to the implant is one of the major challenges faced by these systems. Although it is possible for batteries to supply uninterrupted power to certain kinds of implants, e.g. pacemakers, other implant applications need to be powered remotely from outside the body. RF powering is a widely used method among remote powering techniques for implants. Reducing the size of these devices is also highly desirable such that they could be implanted using less invasive surgical procedures. A wireless communication link enables information exchange with the implant using two sets of transceivers: one outside and one inside the body. The transceiver which is embedded in the implant has to be designed meeting stringent power, size, and data-rate requirements. In this thesis, an energy harvested ultra-low power wireless transceiver for biomedical implants is demonstrated. The transceiver is fully RF-powered at low gigahertz carrier frequencies suited for optimal power delivery using the midfield wireless powering technique. It demonstrates megabits-per-second data rates aimed at neuro-modulation and recording applications with large number of channels. The transceiver supports full duplex operation via frequency-division (FDD) or time-division (TDD) duplexing methods with a high energy efficiency. In FDD mode, the transceiver achieves maximum data rates of 58 Mbps in TX, and 2.5 Mbps in RX. The average power consumption of the transmitter is 93 μW at 58 Mbps while that of the receiver is 7.2 μW at 2.5 Mbps. This corresponds to an energy-per-bit metric of 2.9 pJ/bit for the RX and 1.6 pJ/bit for the TX. In TDD mode, data rates of 7.2 Mbps for the TX and 1.8 Mbps for the RX have been demonstrated. In this mode, The TX consumes 54 μW, while the RX consumes 9.4 μW. The transceiver, therefore, achieves energy efficiency of 7.5 pJ/bit for the TX and 5.2 pJ/bit for the RX. This radio was fabricated in 40 nm CMOS LP process and has a small silicon area of 0.8 mm2.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2016 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Rajavi, Yashar |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering. |
| Primary advisor | Poon, Ada Shuk Yan |
| Thesis advisor | Poon, Ada Shuk Yan |
| Thesis advisor | Howe, Roger Thomas |
| Thesis advisor | Wong, S. Simon |
| Advisor | Howe, Roger Thomas |
| Advisor | Wong, S. Simon |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Yashar Rajavi. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2016. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2016 by Yashar Rajavi
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