The physical interactions of magmas and host rock : applications to conduit collapse, transcrustal melt storage, and caldera formation
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Many physical models of volcanic processes assume that the host rock is a somewhat passive participant in the volcanic system. For example, conduit flow models often assume the presence of a mechanically stable conduit of unchanging geometry; traditional geodetic models often assume that liquid melt is stored in large reservoirs that can generate elastic deformations of the surrounding crust, but physical models of crustal behavior beyond linear elasticity are generally not considered. In this thesis, I seek to push back on this assumption and explore several ways that the host rock can become an active participant in determining volcanic behavior. In Chapter 1, I show that over the course of an explosive eruption the stress distribution along the conduit wall can evolve, and this changing stress distribution can lead to failure of the conduit wall rock. I further show under which conditions this failure is likely to lead to wholesale failure and slumping of the conduit wall along normal faults, a mechanism which might lead to the termination of an explosive eruption. Chapter 2 considers the failure of host rock during large caldera forming eruptions. I use a modern, mesh-free numerical method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), to model the development of caldera ring faults and collapse of the caldera block. This model shows that the development and orientation of ring faults depends in predictable ways on the constitutive model of the host rock, and raises important questions about the validity of sandbox analogue models of caldera collapse. Finally, in Chapter 3, I explore recent ideas about how magmas are stored within the host rock in a ``transcrustal" storage system. I show that proper accounting of a transcrustal magma mush in geodetic models can lead to dramatic effects on predicted surface displacements and calculation of quantities of interest, such as volatile content or inferred chamber volume change.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2022; ©2022 |
| Publication date | 2022; 2022 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Mullet, Benjamin |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Thesis advisor | Suckale, Jenny |
| Degree committee member | Dunham, Eric |
| Degree committee member | Suckale, Jenny |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Geophysics |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Benjamin Mullet. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Geophysics. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2022. |
| Location | https://purl.stanford.edu/zf203fs0895 |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2022 by Benjamin Mullet
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