Amenenome (ST 101)

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasties 19-20
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Various: Amenenome (ST 101), Neferhotep (ST 103), Ianefer (ST 105), Haemipet (ST 106), Ramessunakht (ST 107), Tjaydjedenef Ramessunakht (ST 211), Suner (ST 201), Wesermaatranakht (ST 203), Unknown (ST 220, 219, 204, 209, 213, 9), Tasahur (ST 5), Djehutiemheb (ST 6), Nebmehyt (ST 7), Baketwerner (ST 8)
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Temple tombs
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title New Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasties 19–20
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Unknown
SITE	Title Saqqara
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Tawfik
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title 1984–1988
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2016.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Sophie Short
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title Various hypothetical heights
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title Various
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title Various
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Claudia Lacher-Raschdorff, Das Grab des Königs Ninetjer in Saqqara: Architektonische Entwicklung frühzeitlicher Grabanlagen in Ägypten, Archäologische Veröffentlichungen (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Abteilung Kairo) 125 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014) and Sayed Tawfik, “Recently Excavated Ramesside Tombs at Saqqara,” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 47 (1991): 403–9
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title Stone, mud-brickTexturing was kept minimal due to lack of detailed information on individual tombs; walls have been textured with a white plaster, while architectural features such as doorways, pylons, and pyramids have been textured with limestone. Tawfik (1991: 407–8) suggested that the pyramids here were topped with granite pyramidia, so simple granite textures have been included on those tombs with a pyramid.
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 4.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL	Title ~55.5 (the models were all placed approximately at 55.5m on a relatively flat plateau)
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title The New Kingdom temple tombs currently being excavated by Cairo University are at the time of this publication largely unpublished. The reconstructed models are therefore based on the ground plan of the area provided by Lacher-Raschdorff (2014: plan 2) and the plan and descriptions published by Tawfik (1991), with 3D aspects (including estimated heights of the superstructures) based on the neighboring New Kingdom tombs of similar superstructure and style at the site, especially those of Horemheb, Tia and Tia, Meryneith, and Maya and Meryt. The estimated superstructure heights generally range from 2.10m (the walls of the tripartite chapels of smaller tombs) to 3m (the main court walls of medium to large tombs).The heights of pylons were estimated using a formula that depends on the length and width of the pylon base; these average 3–6m in height. Pyramid height, where applicable, was also based on the general dimensions of the tomb superstructure as a whole, with the angles ranging from 60–65 degrees and generally reaching 5–6.6m. Column design is minimal and includes only the most basic circular or rectangular form; minimalist cavetto cornices have been added to likely locations such as chapel entryways. The eastern side of the main pylon or wall structure often features a portico-style porch or entry area in the temple tombs. When applicable, roofing has been added to represent areas that were likely covered.For those sites still largely unexcavated, only the features defined by the ground plan are reconstructed. Those features thought likely but not confirmed by Tawfik (dotted lines) are included in the reconstruction (with reduced opacity in the downloadable models). Additional structures (although likely) were not added to the model.The many contemporary tomb shafts indicating additional burials in the area are not included in the model.
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/xw957nh9286

Access conditions

Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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