Controlled centriole amplification in the giant cells of the placenta
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- The centrosome is a major microtubule-organizing center of animal cells and is composed of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material. The centriole duplication cycle is coordinated to the cell cycle, such that centrioles are duplicated once per cell cycle to form the bipolar spindle. Both the centrosome and DNA are evenly segregated in mitosis so that each daughter cell inherits one centrosome and has a DNA content of 2C. However, centriole duplication can become uncoupled from DNA replication in some differentiated cell types. Amplification is often critical to the function of these differentiated cell types; for example, multiciliated cells amplify hundreds of basal bodies, or modified centrioles, to form the hundreds of motile cilia in tissues like the airway epithelium. In contrast, cells that preferentially amplify the genome to increase their ploidy content are known as polyploid cells. Polyploidy occurs when cells exits a traditional cell cycle to then enter a terminally differentiated state with modified cell cycles known as endoreduplication. Trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) are terminally differentiated, polyploid cells found in the placenta that undergo endoreduplication to amplify the genome. Here we characterize centrioles and the centrosome in mouse TGCs throughout in vitro differentiation. Throughout TGC differentiation in vitro, centriole and centrosome number increase as nuclear size increases. We term this amplification in TGCs controlled centriole amplification as we do not observe hundreds of centrioles made as in multiciliated cells. We demonstrate that controlled centriole amplification can occur independently from DNA replication, and that amplified centrioles can function as microtubule-organizing centers. We also observe that amplified centrioles in TGCs have known markers of centrosomal maturation, such as distal and subdistal appendages. However, not every centriole in TGCs acquire appendages, perhaps indicative of their altered cell cycle state. Lastly, we highlight preliminary observations of controlled centriole amplification in TGCs, where like cycling cells, only one pair of centrioles is competent for centriole duplication and can form procentrioles form from preexisting centrioles.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2019; ©2019 |
| Publication date | 2019; 2019 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Stratton, Miranda Brittany |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Stearns, Tim |
| Thesis advisor | Stearns, Tim |
| Thesis advisor | Bergmann, Dominique |
| Thesis advisor | Feldman, Jessica L |
| Degree committee member | Baker, Julie, (Professor of genetics) |
| Degree committee member | Bergmann, Dominique |
| Degree committee member | Feldman, Jessica L |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Biology. |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Miranda Stratton. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Biology. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2019. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2019 by Miranda Brittany Stratton
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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