The dynamics of effusive volcanic eruptions : kinematic and physics-based inversions of observations at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2011
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Despite advances in the technology used to monitor volcanoes, our understanding of volcanic systems remains quite rudimentary, in part due to limitations in the techniques typically used to infer properties of magmatic systems from observations recorded at the surface. The kinematic models typically used with geodetic observations have no predictive ability, cannot easily be used to model multiple data sets, and generally cannot be used to infer anything about the actual magmatic processes which give rise to modeled changes in pressures and volumes. The 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens resulted in a wealth of remarkable data which can be used to better understand key magmatic processes, and also suggests a clear opportunity to move beyond some of the limitations associated with traditional modeling techniques. This work focuses firstly on characterizing and modeling enigmatic cyclic ground tilt events with the goal of gaining insight into critical upper-conduit processes at Mount St. Helens; results are consistent with a mechanism involving extrusion of the semi-solid dacite plug and/or cycles of conduit pressurization. The second part of this work focuses on the development of a physics-based model of an effusive silicic volcanic eruption which is coupled to the host rock and therefore can be used to relate magma physics with diverse surface observations. The third part of this work involves the development of a technique for using a physics-based model of an effusive volcanic eruption in a Bayesian inversion, constrained by diverse data sets and independent information, to estimate key properties of a magmatic system including the volume, pressure, depth, and volatile content of the magma chamber, and properties of the fluid conduit and solid plug. Finally, this technique is applied to the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens and is used with observations of ground deformation and lava dome extrusion from that eruption to estimate properties of the magmatic system.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2011 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Anderson, Kyle Russell |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Geophysics |
| Primary advisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Thesis advisor | Mahood, Gail A, 1957- |
| Advisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Advisor | Mahood, Gail A, 1957- |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Kyle Russell Anderson. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Geophysics. |
| Thesis | Ph. D. Stanford University 2011 |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2011 by Kyle Russell Anderson
Also listed in
Loading usage metrics...