Evaluation of Foaming Agent A-168 in Nitrogen Injection
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- In secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes, thermal methods have in many cases proven to be successful. When the oil gravity is low and viscosity high, fluid mobility can reach unfavourable values, thus making conventional waterflooding and gas displacement insufficient. The injection of a heat bearing fluid into the reservoir is used as means of improving the mobility of the oil in that the oil viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. Hot water, hot oil and hot non-condensible gases have been used, but steam appears to be the most efficient medium because of its large gross heat capacity.However, gravity override and gas channelling can be significant problems with the application of the steam-injection processes. A method of suppressing this effect is to block the gas flow selectively, thus forcing the displacement front to equilibrate over the entire cross-sectional area offlow. This has led to the use of foam as a mobility controlling agent in displacement processes. Bond and Holbrook (1958) and Fried (1961) suggested that foam, having a considerably different injectivity than either water or gas, could show improved displacement efficiency. The concept was that foam, an agglomeration of gas bubbles separated from each other by their liquid films, has a much higher apparent viscosity than conventional displacement fluids, and thus will give better mobility control of the displacement front.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Date created | August 1984 |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Koppernaes, Astrid |
|---|---|
| Primary advisor | Marsden Jr., Sullivan S. |
| Degree granting institution | Stanford University, Department of Petroleum Engineering |
Subjects
| Subject | School of Earth Energy & Environmental Sciences |
|---|---|
| Genre | Thesis |
Bibliographic information
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Preferred citation
- Preferred Citation
- Koppernaes, Astrid. (1984). Evaluation of Foaming Agent A-168 in Nitrogen Injection. Stanford Digital Repository. Available at: https://purl.stanford.edu/vj807yp7042
Collection
Master's Theses, Doerr School of Sustainability
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