Soft X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray scattering of ice and water in aqueous solutions
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Water has many anomalous thermodynamic and physical properties as a result of the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding). In this dissertation, several synchrotron x-ray techniques were used to investigate the structure of ice and liquid water, both neat, pure water, and in aqueous solutions. First, the effect of protons and hydroxide ions was explored using x-ray Raman Scattering (XRS) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Both excess protons and hydroxide ions induce strong H-bonds in water molecules in their vicinity. However, proton appears to have only a local effect while hydroxide induces more density fluctuations on the long length scale. Then the effect of ionic charge was explored using SAXS. It was observed that multivalent cations such as magnesium and aluminum ions form "quasi-lattice" in the solution due to the repulsive interactions between the hydrated cations. Higher-charged molecular anions such as sulfate and phosphate do not have such a pronounced effect due to the fundamental difference in cation and anion hydration mechanisms in water. Following the study of molecular anions, the perchlorate anion, a most structure-breaking anion, was studied in more depth using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and SAXS. It was observed that perchlorate not only breaks H-bonds in water, but also interacts with water in the hydration shells of multivalent cations such that the "quasi-lattice" structure is significantly disrupted. Finally, temperature-dependent XAS of supercooled water was studied and the absorption cross section was compared with ice data to further understand the interpretation of XAS in this dissertation.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2014 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Chen, Chen |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Chemistry. |
| Primary advisor | Nilsson, Anders |
| Thesis advisor | Nilsson, Anders |
| Thesis advisor | Cegelski, Lynette |
| Thesis advisor | Pecora, Robert, 1938- |
| Advisor | Cegelski, Lynette |
| Advisor | Pecora, Robert, 1938- |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Chen Chen. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Chemistry. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2014. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2014 by Chen Chen
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
Also listed in
Loading usage metrics...