Environmental Surveillance of Typhoidal Salmonellas in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Enteric Fever, the life-threatening illness resulting from infection with Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, is endemic throughout much of South Asia. This disease is transmitted through contaminated food and water and most prevalent in areas with poor sanitation systems. To better understand the transmission pathways of typhoid fever causing Salmonella species in the Kathmandu Valley, we have conducted environmental surveillance of both drinking water and surface water within and downstream of the Kathmandu Valley. While previous case control studies posited that household drinking water was the main exposure pathway of typhoidal bacteria in Nepal, we found less than 1% of drinking water samples were contaminated with Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi A, while river water samples within and up to 10 kilometers downstream of Kathmandu consistently showed high levels of contamination with these disease-causing agents. These results suggest that exposure to Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi in the Kathmandu Valley may not be caused by contaminated drinking water alone but instead could be due to direct human interaction with contaminated river water or the use of contaminated rivers to water agricultural products sold in Kathmandu markets.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Date created | June 2020 |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | LeBoa, Christopher |
|---|
Subjects
| Subject | typhoid |
|---|---|
| Subject | environmental surveillance |
| Subject | enrichment PCR |
| Subject | Nepal |
| Subject | enteric fever |
| Genre | Thesis |
Bibliographic information
Access conditions
- Use and reproduction
- User agrees that, where applicable, content will not be used to identify or to otherwise infringe the privacy or confidentiality rights of individuals. Content distributed via the Stanford Digital Repository may be subject to additional license and use restrictions applied by the depositor.
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY).
Collection
Epidemiology & Clinical Research Masters Theses
View other items in this collection in SearchWorksContact information
- Contact
- chrisleboa@gmail.com
Also listed in
Loading usage metrics...