Mechanics of epithelial cell division
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes during division to ensure proper segregation of genetic and cytoplasmic materials. These morphological changes occur despite dividing cells being mechanically restricted by neighboring cells, indicating the need for extracellular force generation. Beyond driving cell division itself, forces associated with division have been implicated in tissue-scale processes, including development, tissue growth, migration, and epidermal stratification. In this dissertation, I focus on understanding how dividing cells generate forces to drive the morphological changes necessary for cell division, in epithelial tissues and single-cell contexts. While forces generated by mitotic rounding are well understood, forces generated after rounding remain unknown. I identify two distinct stages of division force generation that follow rounding: (1) Protrusive forces along the division axis that drive division elongation, and (2) outward forces that facilitate postdivision spreading. Cytokinetic ring contraction of the dividing cell, but not activity of neighboring cells, generates extracellular forces that propel division elongation and contribute to chromosome segregation. Forces from division elongation are observed in epithelia across many model organisms. In the second part of my dissertation, I discuss improvements made to a custom-built atomic force microscope with side- and bottom-view imaging paths. I use this instrument to measure the mechanical properties of dividing cells. In summary, we find that cells generate extracellular forces to drive cell division, and this represents a universal mechanism in confining environments.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2022; ©2022 |
| Publication date | 2022; 2022 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Gupta, Vivek Kumar |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Chaudhuri, Ovijit |
| Thesis advisor | Chaudhuri, Ovijit |
| Thesis advisor | Dunn, Alexander Robert |
| Thesis advisor | Levenston, Marc Elliot |
| Degree committee member | Dunn, Alexander Robert |
| Degree committee member | Levenston, Marc Elliot |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Mechanical Engineering |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Vivek Gupta. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2022. |
| Location | https://purl.stanford.edu/qv717jn8187 |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2022 by Vivek Kumar Gupta
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY).
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