Development of larval and adult body plans at a cellular resolution : insights from the hemichordate schizocardium californicum
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Animal life begins as a single cell, the embryo. What then proceeds are a series of processes that result in the familiar and sometimes unfamiliar animals on our planet. How embryos form adult animals has been at the heart of the field of developmental biology. While the origin of animal body plans has long fascinated biologists, most of what we know about adult body plan development comes from species that are formed directly from an embryo, a strategy called direct development. As a result, many questions remain about the formation of adult body plans from species with a distinct larval phase. New tools and techniques, where cellular transformations associated with changes in gross morphology can be studied in detail, have invigorated these lines of investigation in indirect developing species. In this thesis, I utilize the enteropneust hemichordate Schizocardium californicum to characterize the transformation of a larva into an adult. The catastrophic metamorphosis observed in animals such as fruit flies and sea urchins led to general hypotheses that adults form from cell populations separate from the larva. However, I present descriptive and molecular evidence that metamorphosis in some species, like S. californicum studied here, metamorphosis is far more transformational than catastrophic. The origin of adult body plan structures prior to the start of metamorphosis features prominently in theories of adult body plan development, but the detailed patterns of cell proliferation and cell death that give rise to the adult remains uncertain. Here, I use a combination of cell-labeling strategies in S. californicum to identify the distribution of proliferating and dying cells in larval and adult body plans and through metamorphosis. I found that adult tissues proliferate during the late larval phase prior to the start of overt metamorphosis and that cell death increases with the onset of metamorphosis. Investigating cellular composition provides another avenue for comparing larval and adult body plans. With single-cell RNA sequencing I defined larval and adult cell states by transcriptional similarity. Then, with a new form of in-situ hybridization called hybridization chain reaction (HCR), we returned to the organism and discovered when and where important transcripts that describe the transcriptional identity of cells were expressed. While previous data of metamorphosis have been descriptive at a morphological level, this dataset provides descriptions at a cellular level and a framework for future studies to test the implications of this work.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2022; ©2022 |
| Publication date | 2022; 2022 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Bump, Paul Alexander Kai |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Lowe, Christopher, (Associate professor of biology) |
| Thesis advisor | Lowe, Christopher, (Associate professor of biology) |
| Thesis advisor | Bergmann, Dominique |
| Thesis advisor | Palumbi, Stephen R |
| Thesis advisor | Wang, Bo, (Researcher in bioengineering) |
| Degree committee member | Bergmann, Dominique |
| Degree committee member | Palumbi, Stephen R |
| Degree committee member | Wang, Bo, (Researcher in bioengineering) |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Biology |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Paul Alexander Kai Bump. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Biology. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2022. |
| Location | https://purl.stanford.edu/qg802ny5099 |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2022 by Paul Alexander Kai Bump
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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