A computational framework incorporating human and social behaviors for occupant-centric egress simulation
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Emergency evacuation (egress) is an important issue in safety design of buildings. Studies of catastrophic incidents have highlighted the need to consider occupants' behaviors for better understanding of evacuation patterns. Although egress outcomes are influenced by human and social factors, quantifying these factors in design codes and standards is difficult because occupants' characteristics and emergency scenarios vary widely. As an alternative, computational egress simulation tools have been used to evaluate egress designs. However, most of current simulation tools oversimplify the behavioral aspects of evacuees. This thesis describes a flexible computational framework that incorporates human and social behaviors in simulations to aid occupant-centric egress design. Based on the analysis of literature in social science and disaster studies, the design requirements of SAFEgress (Social Agents For Egress), an agent-based simulation framework, are derived. In SAFEgress, the agent's decision-making process, the representation of the egress environment and the occupants, and the algorithms that emulate human capabilities in perception and navigation are carefully designed to simulate group dynamics and social interactions. A series of validation tests has been conducted to verify the capability of the framework to model a wide range of behaviors. Case studies of a museum and a stadium show that considering group navigation could cause additional bottlenecks on egress routes, thus prolong evacuation. On the other hand, by strategically arranging stewards to control crowd flow, evacuation time can be significantly improved. SAFEgress provides a means to systematically evaluate the effects of human and social factors on egress performance in buildings and facilities. Using the simulation results, facility managers and designers can develop occupant-centric solutions to crowd problems by addressing different scenarios and unique occupants' characteristics. Furthermore, the framework could be applied to support research in social science to investigate the collective behaviors of crowds in a built environment.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2015 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Chu, Mei Ling |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. |
| Primary advisor | Law, K. H. (Kincho H.) |
| Primary advisor | Parigi, Paolo, 1973- |
| Thesis advisor | Law, K. H. (Kincho H.) |
| Thesis advisor | Parigi, Paolo, 1973- |
| Thesis advisor | Latombe, Jean-Claude |
| Advisor | Latombe, Jean-Claude |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Mei Ling Chu. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2015. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2015 by Mei Ling Chu
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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