Slow and fast dynamic processes in hybrid perovskite solar cell materials
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have rapidly become an important class of semiconductors for solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors, LEDs, and lasers. Perovskite solar cell efficiencies have skyrocketed in the past few years and are now approaching those of mature technologies such as silicon and cadmium telluride. Because perovskites can be solution processed from inexpensive materials, they hold great promise for low-cost solar cells as well as for lightweight and flexible devices. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, hybrid perovskites are a fundamentally dynamic material system. In perovskites, chemical and physical processes that occur across a vast range of timescales have influence on the processing, properties, and degradation of perovskite films. This dissertation presents two dynamic processes that occur on very different timescales and describes their impacts on the formation and performance of the perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), which is a model compound for this class of materials. The first part of this dissertation describes a slow process that leads to the formation of high-quality perovskites. A popular method for depositing perovskite films employs chlorine in the starting materials even though almost no chlorine remains in the final film. I show that this deposition proceeds via a crystalline intermediate phase that is an altogether novel material and that the transformation from intermediate to perovskite requires the evaporation of chlorine through a self-regulating mechanism. While most perovskites form in seconds or minutes, this evaporation process occurs on the timescale of hours and the ability to retard the formation of the perovskite results in high quality films that exhibit impressive optoelectronic performance. The second half of this dissertation focuses on a fast process that occurs in the perovskite crystal lattice. In solid materials, atoms collectively vibrate in well-defined ways, and these vibrations are called phonons. One reason that phonons are important is that they interact with electrons and thus can have substantial impacts on the operation of solar cells or other devices. I demonstrate that acoustic phonons, the type that are generally responsible for transmitting heat, have extraordinarily short lifetimes in the perovskite methylammonium lead iodide. These short lifetimes have direct implications on the cooling and transport of electrons and reflect a key difference between hybrid perovskites and conventional inorganic semiconductors.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2018; ©2018 |
| Publication date | 2018; 2018 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Gold-Parker, Aryeh |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Karunadasa, Hemamala |
| Degree supervisor | Toney, Michael Folsom |
| Thesis advisor | Karunadasa, Hemamala |
| Thesis advisor | Toney, Michael Folsom |
| Thesis advisor | Salleo, Alberto |
| Degree committee member | Salleo, Alberto |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Chemistry. |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Aryeh Gold-Parker. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Chemistry. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2018. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2018 by Aryeh Gold-Parker
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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