Layered Stone Structure

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasties 3-4
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Unknown
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Mastaba? / Other
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Early Dynastic; Old Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (FIRST_DYNASTY)	Title Dynasty 3
SITE	Title Saqqara
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Yoshimura and Kawai
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Year)	Title 37316.0
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2015.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Elaine Sullivan
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title 4.1 (15 stone courses preserved), 7 high along slope (as preserved)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title 34.3
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title 20 (hypothesized), 14 (preserved)
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Sakuji Yoshimura, Nozomu Kawai, and Hiryuki Kashiwagi, “A Sacred Hillside at Northwest Saqqara: A Preliminary Report on the Excavations 2001-2003,” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 61 (2005); Nozomu Kawai, “Waseda University Excavations at Northwest Saqqara,” Friends of the Saqqara Foundation Newsletter 10 (2012)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title StoneThe model was given a generic unfinished (rough) stone texture sized in proportion to the description of the excavators and in consultation with the photographs in Kawai (2012: fig. 10)
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 3.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL IN METERS	Title 69-78 (the structure was cut into the hillside)
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title Yoshimura, Kawai, and Kashiwagi (2005: Abb 3 and fig. 4) were used for the basic plan and hypothetical reconstruction of the model; Kawai (2012) described the structure as similar to a step or layer pyramid, but with cruder construction techniques; Yoshimura, Kawai, Kashiwagi (2005:364-365) described it as “a rectangular platform or step terrace,” using local “rough” limestone blocks of varying size, averaging 30cm, with no casing, and with a 70 degree slope on the exterior face, made up of at least 3 layers with "horizontal intervals...about 2.5m” (2005: 365), they reconstruct the original width of the structure as measuring some 20m in order to extend to the area of the shaft; Yoshimura, Kawai, Kashiwagi (2005: abb 3) show axial plans of remaining structure, Section B suggested the monument would have extended some 9m high (if reaching the area of the shaft, as suggested in their reconstruction in their figure 4)The model was created as a simple massing model, following the suggested length (34m), width (20+m) (as shown in 2005: fig. 4), and height, the massing model includes four steps with inward tilt of 70 degrees on the three exterior steps, the exact width/depth of the layers was not fully clear (as the excavations dealt with a highly destroyed monument) so they are here only approximated based generally on the published plan; the model was left without the appropriate grade on its base, as this was instead created by the joining of it with the terrain
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/pp425dx1139

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Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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