Pyramids of Queen Khuit and Queen Iput

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasty 6
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: KhuitPyramid of Queen Iput: Iput
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Pyramid, Temple
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Old Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasty 6
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Teti
SITE	Title Saqqara
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Loret
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: 1897-98Pyramid of Queen Iput: 1897-99
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2014.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Elaine Sullivan
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: 7 (preserved), 20 (estimated)Pyramid of Queen Iput: 20
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: 19.25Pyramid of Queen Iput: 21
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: 19.25Pyramid of Queen Iput: 21
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Zahi Hawass, “Recent discoveries in the pyramid complex of Teti at Saqqara,” in Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2000, ed. Miroslav Bárta and Jaromír Krejčí, Archív orientální. Supplementa 9 (Praha: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute, 2000), 413–44
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL ENCLOSURE WALL DIMENSIONS	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit: 12.4 x 32.9 x 1.55m (thick) x 1.53 (high)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title StonePyramid and perimeter wall were made of limestone, so both were given a simple limestone texture
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 3.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL	Title 54.6
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title Pyramid of Queen Khuit:The size of the pyramid base and estimated height were designed according to information from Hawass (2000: fig. 8 and 424-427); Hawass’s ground plan was used for the placement and form of the enclosure walls; the full extent of the complex on the south is unclear, so only the north, west and east enclosure walls were included; none of the complex’s interior structures (including pyramid chapel and storage facilities) were included in the modelThe pyramid form (in concert with all the Dynasty 4-6 pyramids in the model) alters to a deflating ‘ruin’ in the 3D model at the time-slide to Dynasty 18 (1548 BCE), approximately 1000 years after its construction in Dynasty 6; this does not correspond with a single destruction event in reality, but represents a general marker to the reader that many of the stone monuments of the Old Kingdom may have been naturally deflating or intentionally reused or their stone repurposed during the New Kingdom, see: Jaromir Málek, “A meeting of the old and new: Saqqara during the New Kingdom,” in Studies in Pharaonic religion and society: in honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths, ed. Alan B Lloyd (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1992), 60, 65-73; inscribed blocks from the Unas causeway and other Old Kingdom monuments have been identified as reused in the New Kingdom temple tombs by their recent excavators (see Section 2)Pyramid of Queen Iput: The height and base size of the pyramid were documented by Hawass (2000: 414, 424), note that his publication differs slightly from the old plan of Firth and Gunn (1926: vol. I, fig. 2) which gives base a size of 19m but was based on incomplete excavations; Hawass's (2000: 414-416) re-examination of the monument suggested this was originally designed as a mastaba, then in the following reign (Pepy I) converted into a pyramid with memorial temple; we have only included the final development (the pyramid) form in the model, but labeled it for the reign of Teti, but since both kings are Dynasty 6 it does not impact its appearance in the model chronologyNone of the additional interior structures (pyramid chapel or storage buildings) were included in the modelThe pyramid form (in concert with all the Dynasty 4-6 pyramids in the model) alters to a deflating ‘ruin’ in the 3D model at the time-slide to Dynasty 18 (1548 BCE), approximately 1000 years after its construction in Dynasty 6; this does not correspond with a single destruction event in reality, but represents a general marker to the reader that many of the stone monuments of the Old Kingdom may have been naturally deflating or intentionally reused or their stone repurposed during the New Kingdom , see: Jaromir Málek, “A meeting of the old and new: Saqqara during the New Kingdom,” in Studies in Pharaonic religion and society: in honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths, ed. Alan B Lloyd (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1992), 60, 65-73; inscribed blocks from the Unas causeway and other Old Kingdom monuments have been identified as reused in the New Kingdom temple tombs by their recent excavators (see Section 2)
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/pm239sq3981

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Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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