Wave propagation and earthquake rupture dynamics in coupled earth, ocean, and ice systems
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- From interpreting data to scenario modeling, computer simulations have been essential to study past events and assess a region's potential hazard. We rely on computer simulations that closely represent the real world, but with more data collected in areas where hazards originate, it can become evident that past model assumptions limit the model's applicability. In this dissertation, I examine coupled systems with differing material properties utilizing computer simulations and analytical solutions to assess wave propagation and earthquake rupture dynamics. First, I examine sliding behavior between two materials of differing stiffness, focusing on how frictional properties at their interface change the sliding behavior from steady sliding to earthquake-like cycles. I focus primarily on Antarctic ice streams' earth-ice interaction, as the project's motivation comes from unusual twice-daily slow slip events on the Whillans Ice Plain. However, this project extends to similar problem geometries, such as landslides and subduction zones. Second, I examine models for earthquake-driven tsunami generation. Most numerical models utilize two-step methods with one-way coupling between the separate earthquake and tsunami models. These models use approximations that might limit the applicability and accuracy of the resulting solution. Previous methods do not capture ocean acoustic or seismic waves, motivating more advanced methods that capture the full wavefield. The fully-coupled method, recently incorporated into the 3D open-source code SeisSol, simultaneously solves earthquake rupture, seismic wave propagation, and ocean response (including gravity). In this work, I verify the implementation of the fully-coupled method, analytically show how the three modeling techniques are derived from the fully-coupled method, compare the modeling methods through numerical simulation and examine how ocean depth influences the expression of oceanic Rayleigh waves. Third, using an extension of the fully coupled method, I investigate how incident ocean waves (such as tsunamis and ocean swells) impact an ice shelf, converting into two wave types: flexural-gravity and extensional Lamb waves. Previous models have focused exclusively on the flexural response; I show the first simulations of the transmission of extensional Lamb waves into ice shelves highlighting how these guided waves impact ice shelf stability.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2022; ©2022 |
| Publication date | 2022; 2023 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Abrahams, Lauren |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Thesis advisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Thesis advisor | Ellsworth, William L |
| Thesis advisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Degree committee member | Ellsworth, William L |
| Degree committee member | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Geophysics |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Lauren S. Abrahams. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Geophysics. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2023. |
| Location | https://purl.stanford.edu/pb239qg7847 |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2022 by Lauren Abrahams
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY).
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