Wage and Employment Discrimination by Gender in Labor Market Equilibrium
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- This paper develops an equilibrium search model to study the mechanisms underlying the lifecycle gender wage gap: human capital accumulation, preference for job amenities, and employers’ statistical discrimination in wage offers and hiring. In the model, men and women differ in turnover behaviors, parental leave lengths, and preference for amenities before and after having children. Capacity-constrained firms anticipate these gender differences when setting wages and making match decisions. Estimating the model on administrative employer-employee data combined with occupational level survey data on amenities from Finland, I find that a large proportion (44%) of the gender wage gap in early career is attributed to employers’ statistical discrimination based on fertility concerns, whereas gender differences in labor force attachment explain the majority of the gap (70%) in late career. Both hiring discrimination and preference for amenities draw women to low-productivity jobs in early career, and slow down their career progression in the long run. Counterfactual simulations show that shifting two parental leave months from women to men shrinks the wage gap by 13%. A gender quota at top jobs improves women’s representation in high-productivity positions, but firms undo this policy by exerting more wage discrimination. An equal pay policy counterfactual shows that requiring firms to pay men and women the same wage closes the wage gap by 15% on average, but has unintended consequences as employers adjust on the hiring margin.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Date created | August 26, 2021 |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Xiao, Pengpeng |
|---|---|
| Organizer of meeting | Jarosch, Gregor |
| Organizer of meeting | Sorkin, isaac |
Subjects
| Subject | gender wage gap |
|---|---|
| Subject | statistical discrimination |
| Subject | human capital |
| Subject | job search |
| Subject | child penalty |
| Subject | non-wage amenities |
| Genre | Text |
| Genre | Working paper |
| Genre | Grey literature |
Bibliographic information
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- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY).
Preferred citation
- Preferred citation
- Xiao, P. (2022). Wage and Employment Discrimination by Gender in Labor Market Equilibrium. Stanford Digital Repository. Available at https://purl.stanford.edu/jx898wm9012
Collection
SITE Conference 2021
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