Diet-driven shifts of the microbiome reveal taxa vulnerable to extinction in industrialized populations
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of members that closely interface with their host. Maintenance of this association predates our existence as a species and over time has formed a complex co-evolutionary relationship, yet recent asymmetrical changes such as the major shift to a low fiber diet in the process of modernization are affecting this human-microbiota relationship. The reduction in microbiota accessible carbohydrates (MACs), complex dietary fibers that serve as the primary fuel for gut-resident microbes, coincides with the decreased diversity in species observed in the Western microbiota. While the impact on human biology of the this recent disruption to long-standing microbial relationships remains to be studied in detail, current data suggest a potential contribution to Western diseases driven by a heightened inflammatory state. An introduction to the microbiota and the key works upon which this study is founded is provided in Chapter 1. The work in Chapter 2 evaluates the compositional changes that coincides with low-MAC diets, the transfer of those microbial members across generations and interventions that can reverse diet-induced species-loss. Chapter 3 reports the effect of defined MAC substrates on multiple human donors both at compositional and functional levels. In Chapter 4 the findings from the previous chapters are applied to identify features of modernization using fecal samples from a rapidly disappearing hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of this study in a proposed model of modernization and concludes with a discussion of future directions.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2016 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Smits, Samuel Andrew |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology. |
| Primary advisor | Sonnenburg, Justin, 1973- |
| Thesis advisor | Sonnenburg, Justin, 1973- |
| Thesis advisor | Holmes, Susan |
| Thesis advisor | Peltz, Gary, 1956- |
| Thesis advisor | Relman, David A |
| Thesis advisor | Schneider, David (David Samuel) |
| Advisor | Holmes, Susan |
| Advisor | Peltz, Gary, 1956- |
| Advisor | Relman, David A |
| Advisor | Schneider, David (David Samuel) |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Samuel Andrew Smits. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2016. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2016 by Samuel Andrew Smits
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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