The dynamics of conduit flow in dome-forming volcanic eruptions : steady-state and time-dependent models applied to the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- When multiple time series datasets are available at an erupting volcano, they enable studies of the volcanic system from different perspectives but should ultimately derive from common physical processes. Physics-based models of volcanic eruptions provide a natural, physical basis for integrating diverse volcanological datasets, at the same time improving our understanding of volcanic processes. By relating subsurface physical and chemical processes to observations, these models reveal controls on eruption characteristics such as magma ascent rate and explosivity. Many studies that develop physics-based models focus on qualitative comparisons between observed and predicted magma flux, a direct model output. To further realize the potential of physics-based models, we need to quantitatively incorporate multiple datasets to identify critical processes in the volcanic system. In this way, we can advance towards leveraging physics-based models to make deterministic forecasts of volcanic eruptions. In this thesis, I employ physics-based models of the shallow magma system at Mount St. Helens to understand the magma plumbing system and the dominant controls on eruptive behavior for the 2004-2008 eruption. In particular, I evaluate the roles of crystallization and gas escape in determining magma flux in dome-forming eruptions. Chapter 2 develops a steady-state model for flow in the conduit that connects the magma chamber to the surface. I apply this model to the Mount St. Helens eruption and estimate critical system parameters given data from the quasi-steady phase in the later half of the eruption. Chapter 3 extends this model to the time domain. I compare time-dependent and steady-state solutions for representative conditions at Mount St. Helens to quantify the influence of transient processes. I also determine the most influential parameters in controlling eruption behavior. Chapter 4 applies this time-dependent model in joint inversions with extruded volume, ground deformation and gas emissions data to further resolve essential properties including magma reservoir geometry, volatile contents and material properties
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2020; ©2020 |
| Publication date | 2020; 2020 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Wong, Ying Qi |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Segall, Paul, 1954- |
| Thesis advisor | Dunham, Eric |
| Thesis advisor | Suckale, Jenny |
| Degree committee member | Dunham, Eric |
| Degree committee member | Suckale, Jenny |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Geophysics |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Ying Qi Wong |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Geophysics |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2020 |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2020 by Ying Qi Wong
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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