Enveloped viruses in the environment : fate, transmission, and intervention strategies
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Enveloped viruses, characterized by lipid membranes, have started multiple pandemics in recent decades. These events have encouraged research into the fate of enveloped viruses in the environment, an area of research that historically focused on non-enveloped viruses. Understanding how the environment influences enveloped viruses is crucial for effective disease control strategies, including assessing risk and employing effective interventions. When viruses are present in the environment, indirect transmission can occur as susceptible individuals interact with contaminated intermediaries. Human behavior is pivotal in the indirect transmission of enveloped viruses as actions such as sneezing on or touching surfaces can facilitate virus spread. Yet, our understanding of how these actions impact viral transmission, particularly for enveloped viruses, remains incomplete. Once infectious viruses are present in the environment, their survival further complicates indirect transmission. Prolonged survival of infective viruses in the environment increases the risk of exposure for susceptible individuals. However, the impact of environmental factors, such as sunlight, on the decay of enveloped viruses is poorly understood. Efforts to mitigate indirect disease transmission include non-pharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene and surface disinfection. While interventions like handwashing with soap and water have shown effectiveness in some settings, challenges persist in ensuring their availability and proper usage, particularly in resource-limited settings. In such cases, alternative interventions may be considered, though their efficacy against enveloped viruses remains uncertain. The research described here explores the fate of viruses in the environment, their transfer to humans, as well as non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for low-resource regions. Using volunteer studies and laboratory experiments, the results of this dissertation compare enveloped viruses to non-enveloped viruses, elucidating previous knowledge gaps about how the environment, human interactions, and interventions influence their transfer and decay.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic resource; remote; computer; online resource |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Place | California |
| Place | [Stanford, California] |
| Publisher | [Stanford University] |
| Copyright date | 2023; ©2023 |
| Publication date | 2023; 2023 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Author | Anderson, Claire Elise |
|---|---|
| Degree supervisor | Boehm, Alexandria |
| Thesis advisor | Boehm, Alexandria |
| Thesis advisor | Benjamin-Chung, Jade |
| Thesis advisor | Davis, Jenna, (Professor) |
| Thesis advisor | Wolfe, Marlene |
| Degree committee member | Benjamin-Chung, Jade |
| Degree committee member | Davis, Jenna, (Professor) |
| Degree committee member | Wolfe, Marlene |
| Associated with | Stanford University, School of Engineering |
| Associated with | Stanford University, Civil & Environmental Engineering Department |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|---|
| Genre | Text |
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Claire Elise Anderson. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Civil & Environmental Engineering Department. |
| Thesis | Thesis Ph.D. Stanford University 2023. |
| Location | https://purl.stanford.edu/fv031pg0104 |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2023 by Claire Anderson
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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