Airborne fine particulate matter pollution in casinos : performance of a real-time particle monitor and personal exposure to secondhand smoke
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with a number of health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary malfunction, lung cancer, and mortality. To protect public health, over 100 countries have adopted comprehensive or partial legislations against smoking. In the United States, California was the first state to enact a statewide ban on smoking in indoor workplaces in 1994. However, due to the sovereign nation status of California Indian tribes, smoking is still allowed and exposure to SHS continues in nearly all California Indian casinos. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major component of SHS pollution, and has been implicated as a risk factor for a range of chronic and acute diseases. The EPA's reference method for quantifying PM2.5 mass concentrations uses filter-based gravimetric samplers, which must be operated for many hours to collect enough sample. Since the gravimetric approach cannot measure short-term variations in PM2.5 levels, many personal exposure and environmental monitoring studies have employed real-time monitors for measuring PM2.5 concentrations. However, real-time monitors require proper calibration to accurately represent particle mass concentrations. This study characterized PM2.5 concentrations with real-time SidePak particle monitors in a large sample of California Indian casinos, spanning all sizes and distributed widely across the state. By comparing the SidePak measurements with the standard gravimetric method, we first calibrated the SidePak monitors for different types of aerosols commonly encountered indoors and outdoors, including SHS. We then modeled the response of SidePak monitors to SHS for a range of relative humidity levels. Finally, we designed a systematic casino monitoring protocol, using the calibrated real-time monitors, to examine PM2.5 concentrations in a field survey of 36 California Indian casinos and 8 Reno casinos.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Copyright date | 2011 |
| Publication date | 2010, c2011; 2010 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Jiang, Ruoting |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Civil & Environmental Engineering Department. |
| Primary advisor | Hildemann, Lynn M. (Lynn Mary) |
| Thesis advisor | Hildemann, Lynn M. (Lynn Mary) |
| Thesis advisor | Jacobson, Mark Z. (Mark Zachary) |
| Thesis advisor | Ott, Wayne R |
| Advisor | Jacobson, Mark Z. (Mark Zachary) |
| Advisor | Ott, Wayne R |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Ruoting Jiang. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2011. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2011 by Ruoting Jiang
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
Also listed in
Loading usage metrics...