Modeling the impact of novel diagnostic technologies and innovative delivery strategies for tuberculosis control in demographic context
Abstract/Contents
- Abstract
- This thesis applies dynamic, deterministic, compartmental models to examine key issues in tuberculosis (TB) transmission and control in demographic context. In Chapter 1, Part A, we review the literature concerning differences in TB prevalence by sex. While under-reporting and latent variables undoubtedly influence observed male biases in TB prevalence to some degree, there is also strong evidence to suggest that observed sex-based differences represent a real epidemiological phenomenon. These results have implications for TB transmission and control in countries with imbalanced population sex ratios and imbalanced sex ratios at birth such as India and China. In Chapter 1, Part B, we model the relative roles of sex differences in TB transmission, activation, and recovery in influencing sex differences in TB prevalence. Results suggest that differences in transmission rates alone are unlikely to be responsible for sex differences in TB prevalence. In Chapter 2, we examine the sensitivity of tuberculosis transmission (TB) dynamics to the rate at which infectious individuals with active TB are accurately diagnosed and begin a TB treatment course, thereby ceasing to be infectious to others. We also study the role of population age structure and HIV prevalence in modulating the benefit obtained though improved TB diagnosis. In Chapter 3, we simulate the projected epidemiological impact of expanding Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) access for latent TB, in an area with a high population prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection. We model expanding IPT access for adolescents in South Africa, among whom latent TB prevalence is high, HIV prevalence is low, and school-based programs may enable population-level coverage.
Description
| Type of resource | text |
|---|---|
| Form | electronic; electronic resource; remote |
| Extent | 1 online resource. |
| Publication date | 2015 |
| Issuance | monographic |
| Language | English |
Creators/Contributors
| Associated with | Rhines, Allison Shelton |
|---|---|
| Associated with | Stanford University, Department of Biology. |
| Primary advisor | Feldman, Marcus W |
| Thesis advisor | Feldman, Marcus W |
| Thesis advisor | Bendavid, Eran |
| Thesis advisor | Ehrlich, Paul R |
| Thesis advisor | Tuljapurkar, Shripad, 1951- |
| Advisor | Bendavid, Eran |
| Advisor | Ehrlich, Paul R |
| Advisor | Tuljapurkar, Shripad, 1951- |
Subjects
| Genre | Theses |
|---|
Bibliographic information
| Statement of responsibility | Allison Shelton Rhines. |
|---|---|
| Note | Submitted to the Department of Biology. |
| Thesis | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2015. |
| Location | electronic resource |
Access conditions
- Copyright
- © 2015 by Allison Shelton Rhines
- License
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC).
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