Pyramid of Queen Khentkaus

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasty 5
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Khentkaus II (wife of King Neferirkare, mother of Raneferef and Niuserre)
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Pyramid, Temple
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Old Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasty 5
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Neferirkare?
SITE	Title Abusir
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Borchardt (misidentified as a twin mastaba)
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title 1906.0
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2013.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Elaine Sullivan
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
BASEMAPS/IMAGERY UTILIZED FOR GEO-REFERENCING 2D BASE DATA (Maps Used)	Title Geo-referenced on MHR Le Caire map H21
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title 17 (estimated), slope of 52 degrees
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title 26.25 (estimated)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title 26.25 (estimated)
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Miroslav Verner, Paule Posener-Kriéger, and Peter Jánosi, Abusir II: The Pyramid Complex of Khentkaus, Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis, 2001, c1995); Miroslav Verner, Forgotten Pharaohs, Lost Pyramids: Abusir (Praha, Czech Republic: Academia Škodaexport, 1994), 120-127
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title StoneThe original black granite capstone of pyramid was found and published in Verner, Posener-Kriéger, and Jánosi (2001: plate 3), so the capstone was textured with black granite in the model; the original pyramid was cased with white limestone according to Verner, Posener-Kriéger, and Jánosi (2001: 18-19), so a simple limestone block texture was added to the exterior
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 3.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL	Title 50.4
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title The size and dimensions for the reconstruction originate in Verner, Posener-Kriéger, and Jánosi (2001: 144-145), the original size for the pyramidion was not given, so it was added with a height of .5m to reflect the fact that this is a smaller-sized pyramid (larger pyramid's had pyramidia of over 1m tall)A simple pyramid form (without any additional structures) was added to the model to represent the visual impact of large monuments at Abusir from the core Saqqara area; no additional details were added into the model for the Abusir area monumentsThe pyramid form (in concert with all the Dynasty 4-6 pyramids in the model) alters to a deflating ‘ruin’ in the 3D model at the time-slide to Dynasty 18 (1548 BCE), approximately 1000 years after its construction in Dynasty 5; this does not correspond with a single destruction event in reality, but represents a general marker to the reader that many of the stone monuments of the Old Kingdom may have been naturally deflating or intentionally reused or their stone repurposed during the New Kingdom, see: Jaromir Málek, “A meeting of the old and new: Saqqara during the New Kingdom,” in Studies in Pharaonic religion and society: in honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths, ed. Alan B Lloyd (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1992), 60, 65-73; inscribed blocks from the Unas causeway and other Old Kingdom monuments have been identified as reused in the New Kingdom temple tombs by their recent excavators (see Section 2)
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/wk546rz6817

Access conditions

Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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