Tomb S3500

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasty 1
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Unknown (3500)
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Mastaba
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Early Dynastic Period
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasty 1
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Unknown
SITE	Title Saqqara
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Emery
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title 1946.0
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2013.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Aria Klucewicz
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title 3.8 (estimated), 2 (preserved)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title 31.9
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title 15.9
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Walter Emery, Great Tombs of the First Dynasty, Excavations at Saqqara 3 (London: Government Press, 1958)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR DECORATION	Title Niched façade
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL ENCLOSURE WALL DIMENSIONS	Title 37.1m x 23.35m x 0.8m (high)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title Mud-Brick; white plaster
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 2.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL IN METERS	Title 55.0
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title Exterior niching size and form based on the plan of the tomb in Emery (1958: pl. 114). Emery did not suggest a reconstructed height for the superstructure; in the model, it is estimated at ~3.8m. None of the the upper portions of the mastabas with exterior niching were preserved at Saqqara; the design of this part of the monument in the model is highly hypothetical, based on Early Dynastic palace façade imagery that shows some type of flat panel between the most deeply recessed niches, with the shallower niched areas extending higher, as visualized more elaborately in Emery (1954: pl. 39). The four subsidiary graves on the south of the main tomb were well documented, and all had high-vaulted superstructures with two false doors and roll-style lintels of clay on the east side; Emery’s reconstruction drawing (1958: pl. 116) was used to estimate their height and general form.In Dynasty 5, the mastaba (as well as all the Dynasty 1 mastaba tombs) is replaced in the model by a deflated ruin; any elaborate niching, polychrome paint, and enclosures are replaced by a solid rectangular structure, shorter than the original, to represent the possible melting and collapse of the brick structure. The exact dating and duration for this process is unclear, but Emery’s excavations show that, in Dynasties 2–3, new tombs were already built against and even over the earliest structures, suggesting that the deflation process was rapid and certainly took place before the end of the Old Kingdom.
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/sm928qx5057

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Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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