Pyramid of Sahure

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasty 5
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Sahure
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Pyramid, Temple, Causeway
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Old Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasty 5
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Sahure
SITE	Title Abusir
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Perring
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title 1838.0
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2013.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Elaine Sullivan
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
BASEMAPS/IMAGERY UTILIZED FOR GEO-REFERENCING 2D BASE DATA (Maps Used)	Title Geo-referenced on MHR Le Caire map H21
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title 47; satellite pyramid 11.55
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title 78.75; satellite pyramid 15.7
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title 78.75; satellite pyramid 15.7
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Mark Lehner, The Complete Pyramids (London: Thames and Hudson, 1997); Ludwig Borchardt, Das Grabdenkmal des Königs S'ahu-Re, 2 vols., Neudruck, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Abusir 1902-1908 (Osnabrück: Otto Zeller, 1910); Miroslav Verner, The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments (New York: Grove Press, 2001); Miroslav Verner, Forgotten Pharaohs, Lost Pyramids: Abusir (Praha, Czech Republic: Academia Škodaexport, 1994)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title StoneVerner (2001: 284) described the casing as composed of “large carefully dressed blocks of fine white limestone,” so the simple white limestone texture was added to the main monument; Borchardt's drawn reconstruction (1910: 1:blatt 57) of the pyramid suggested it was dressed with ~53 casing courses (not including the pyramidion), so the texture was adjusted to approximate this size; the satellite pyramid and pyramid temple were given a simple limestone texture; no information on the pyramidion material was identified, so this was also given a simple limestone texture
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 3.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL	Title 37.0
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title Simple pyramid forms were added to the model to represent the visual impact of large monuments at Abusir from the core Saqqara area based on the dimensions published in Lehner (1997: 7, 143); a highly stylized representation of the memorial temple and enclosure wall were also included, based on the ground plan in Verner (2001: 286), with the enclosure wall and pyramid temple buildings all extruded to a hypothetical height of 5m; but no additional details (including the entrance hall, causeway, or valley temple) were added to the modelThe pyramid form (in concert with all the Dynasty 4-6 pyramids in the model) alters to a deflating ‘ruin’ in the 3D model at the time-slide to Dynasty 18 (1548 BCE), approximately 1000 years after its construction in Dynasty 5; this does not correspond with a single destruction event in reality, but represents a general marker to the reader that many of the stone monuments of the Old Kingdom may have been naturally deflating or intentionally reused or their stone repurposed during the New Kingdom, see: Jaromir Málek, “A meeting of the old and new: Saqqara during the New Kingdom,” in Studies in Pharaonic religion and society: in honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths, ed. Alan B Lloyd (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1992), 60, 65-73; inscribed blocks from the Unas causeway and other Old Kingdom monuments have been identified as reused in the New Kingdom temple tombs by their recent excavators (see Section 2)
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/fp424mn4339

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Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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