Tomb S3357

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Description

Type of resource three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page
Title
Model Metadata: Dynasty 1
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)
Title
Unknown (3357)
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)
Title
Mastaba
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)
Title
Early Dynastic Period
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)
Title
Dynasty 1
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)
Title
Hor-Aha
SITE
Title
Saqqara
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)
Title
Emery
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)
Title
1938.0
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)
Title
Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)
Title
2013.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER
Title
Tori Schniedewind
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD
Title
SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)
Title
UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)
Title
Polygon data from of Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))
Title
3.8 (estimated), 1.75 (preserved)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))
Title
41.5
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))
Title
15.5
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)
Title
Walter Emery and Zaki Saad, Excavations at Saqqara, 1937–1938: Hor Aha (Cairo: Government Press, 1939)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR DECORATION
Title
Niched façade
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL ENCLOSURE WALL DIMENSIONS
Title
44 x 18 (inner enclosure), 0.55m thick, 0.7m high (preserved); 48 x 22 (outer enclosure), 0.75m thick, 0.65m high (as preserved)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)
Title
Mud-brick; white plasterThe entire exterior of the superstructure was originally faced with a white plaster
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION
Title
2.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL IN METERS
Title
55.0
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices
Title
Exterior niching size and spacing based on plan published in Emery and Saad (1939: pl. 1). Preserved heights of inner enclosure wall (0.7m) and outer enclosure wall (0.65m) were used to estimate the hypothetical original heights (inner wall visualized at 1.2m, outer wall at 1m); the excavator suggested they may have stood up to 1.5m tall. Emery did not suggest a reconstructed height for the superstructure; in the model, it is estimated at ~3.8m to match the hypothesized height of tomb 3036, which has a similarly sized footprint. None of the the upper portions of the mastabas with exterior niching were preserved at Saqqara; the design of this part of the monument in the model is highly hypothetical, based on Early Dynastic palace façade imagery that shows some type of flat panel between the most deeply recessed niches, with the shallower niched areas extending higher, as visualized more elaborately in Emery (1954: pl. 39).In Dynasty 5, the mastaba (as well as all the Dynasty 1 mastaba tombs) is replaced in the model by a deflated ruin; any elaborate niching, polychrome paint, and enclosures are replaced by a solid rectangular structure, shorter than the original, to represent the possible melting and collapse of the brick structure. The exact dating and duration for this process is unclear, but Emery’s excavations show that, in Dynasties 2–3, new tombs were already built against and even over the earliest structures, suggesting that the deflation process was rapid and certainly took place before the end of the Old Kingdom.
Part of publication
Title
Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location https://purl.stanford.edu/dm208nm0076

Access conditions

Use and reproduction
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.
Copyright
Stanford University, 2019.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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