Pyramid of Raneferef

Description

Type of resource	three dimensional object

Creators/Contributors

Creator	Sullivan, Elaine A.

Bibliographic information

Contained on project page	Title Model Metadata: Dynasty 5
ORIGINAL OWNER OR SPONSOR OF STRUCTURE (Owner/Builder)	Title Raneferef
TYPE OF MONUMENT (Type)	Title Pyramid, Temple
TEMPORAL PERIOD OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Period)	Title Old Kingdom
DYNASTY OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First Dynasty)	Title Dynasty 5
ROYAL REIGN OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION (First King)	Title Raneferef
SITE	Title Abusir
MODERN SCHOLAR/EXPLORER FIRST DOCUMENTING STRUCTURE (Discoverer)	Title Lepsius
YEAR OF REDISCOVERY IN MODERN TIMES (Years)	Title 1842-43
TYPE OF STRUCTURE (3D Model Type)	Title Custom model
DATE OF MODEL CONSTRUCTION OR UPDATE (3D Model Date)	Title 2013.0
NAME OF 3D MODELER	Title Elaine Sullivan
SOFTWARE USED FOR MODEL BUILD	Title SketchUp Pro
COPYRIGHT (Copyright)	Title UC Regents, 3D Saqqara Project
SOURCES/REFERENCES FOR 2D BASE DATA (Citation)	Title Polygon data from Bresciani and Giammarusti (2003) added to and emended by GIS Supervisor and Senior Surveyor Emanuele Brienza (2010)
BASEMAPS/IMAGERY UTILIZED FOR GEO-REFERENCING 2D BASE DATA (Maps Used)	Title Geo-referenced on MHR Le Caire map H21
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Height Original(m))	Title 7.5 to tip of roof terrace; pyramid unfinished and converted to mastaba
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL LENGTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Length Original(m))	Title 65.5
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL WIDTH OF STRUCTURE IN METERS (Width Original(m))	Title 65.5
SOURCES/REFERENCE USED AS BASIS FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION (3D Data Source)	Title Miroslav Verner, Miroslav Bárta, and Jaromír Krejčí, Abusir IX: The Pyramid Complex of Raneferef, the Archeology, Vyd. 1. (Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, 2006); Miroslav Verner, Forgotten Pharaohs, Lost Pyramids: Abusir (Praha, Czech Republic: Academia Škodaexport, 1994); Bretislav Vachala, Guide des Sites d’Abousir (Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2002)
DESCRIPTION – ORIGINAL EXTERIOR MATERIAL (3D Texture)	Title StoneAccording to Verner (1994: 139), the upper surface of the top of the mastaba was "covered by a layer of clay several cm thick, into which was pressed coarse gravel collected from the surface of the surrounding desert," creating a gravel roof terrace, and the texture of the roof in the 3D model was therefore created to approximate a gravel surface, based on the color image in Verner (1994: 139); Verner, Bárta, and Krejčí (2006: 12-13) suggested that the limestone block casing courses measured about .65m high, so the texturing was adjusted to attempt to reflect this size
UNCERTAINTY LEVEL FOR 3D MODEL CONSTRUCTION	Title 2.0
Elevation - placement in model ASL	Title 51.9
Discussion of virtual reconstruction and interpretative choices	Title The pyramid was unfinished, as the king appears to have died during construction of the first step of pyramid core, and Verner (1994: 138) described the structure as "therefore hastily faced with blocks of fine white limestone. The outer surface of the building, sloping at an angle of perhaps 78 degrees, was carefully smoothed down. Finally what had been planned as a pyramid became a mastaba, if with an atypical square ground plan."The main superstructure (without any additional structures, including the cult temple located on the pyramid/mastaba’s east side) was added to the model to represent the visual impact of large monuments at Abusir from the core Saqqara area; no additional details were added into the model for the Abusir area monumentsThe publication of Verner, Bárta, and Krejčí (2006: 14) suggested that the edge of the roof terrace stood 1.75m in from the base of the pyramid/mastaba, and the slope of the monument was created based on this measurement
Part of publication	Title Sullivan, Elaine A. Constructing the Sacred: Visibility and Ritual Landscape at the Egyptian Necropolis at Saqqara, Redwood City: Stanford University Press 2020, http://doi.org/10.21627/2020cts
Location	https://purl.stanford.edu/bz486jh7791

Access conditions

Use and reproduction

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The material is made available for non-commercial, research purposes. Any third party material may need to be permissioned separately for reuse.

Copyright

Stanford University, 2019.

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND).

Collection

Constructing the Sacred Archive

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